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Evolution Korea The economic crisis that swept across Asia led to a major rethinking of the old system of government and business alliances, and public management of risks. In Korea this meant an evolution of the development paradigm. In a controversial move, South Korea's government has asked textbook publishers to ignore calls to remove examples of evolution from science textbooks for high school students. These include the evidence for evolution of horses as well as the avian an ancestor Archaeopteryx. 1. Evolution and Religion A group of creationists in South Korea has successfully convinced textbook publishers to omit evidence of evolution from science textbooks for high school students. The Society for Textbook Revise, an independent offshoot from the Korea Association for Creation Research that wants to rid biology textbooks of “atheist materialism,” was behind the decision. The STR claims such materialism portrays an image of negativity for students, leading them to lose faith. Scientists across the globe expressed worry when the STR campaign gained attention. In a letter to the editor of Nature, evolutionary biologist Jae Choe at Ewha Womans University in Seoul complained that South Korea had given in to religious prejudice. He was supported by colleagues from across the country who formed a group called Evolution Korea to organize an anti-textbook petition. Some scientists are concerned that the STR campaign could spread to other regions of the world where the belief in creationism is on the rise. The letter to Nature warned that the anti-evolutionist movement will intensify pressure for revisions to textbooks in other countries, especially those with large Christian and Muslim populations. South Korea's cultural background is especially strong in the evolution debate. 26 percent of South Koreans belong to of a religion, with the majority practicing Christianity or Buddhism. In addition, many Koreans adhere to the Ch'ondogyo philosophy, which is that is based on Confucian principles which emphasizes harmony in society and personal self-cultivation. Ch'ondogyo is a belief system that teaches that humans are one with Hanulnim, the God of the Sun, and that heaven-bound blessings can be obtained through the good deeds of a person. All of this has made creationism a fertile ground. Several studies have shown that students with religious backgrounds tend to feel more uncomfortable when learning about evolution than those without religion. However, the root causes of this phenomenon remain not known. One possible explanation is that students who have a religious background tend not to be as well-versed in scientific concepts and theories, which makes them more vulnerable to the influence of creationists. Another reason could be that students who have a religious background are more likely to see evolution as an atheistic idea and therefore less comfortable with it. 2. Evolution and Science In recent years, anti-evolution programs in schools have caused concern within the scientific community. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that nearly 40% of Americans believed that biological evolution was wrong and that it would conflict their religious beliefs. Despite the fact that creationism has been a huge success in some states, a lot of scientists believe that the best method to combat this inclination is not to actively engage in it, but to educate people about the evidence for evolution. Scientists are responsible to teach their students science including the theory of evolution. They must also inform the public about the process of science and how knowledge is gathered and verified. They should also explain that scientific theories are frequently challenged and revised. However, misinformation about the nature and purpose of research can lead to a negative view of evolution. For instance, many people are able to confuse the term “theory” with the common meaning of the word, which is a hunch or a guess. In the field of science, however, a hypothesis is rigorously tested, and empirical data is used to verify it. A theory that has survived repeated testing and observations becomes a scientific principle. The debate about evolutionary theory is an excellent occasion to discuss the importance of the scientific method and its limitations. It is important for people to understand that science cannot answer questions about the meaning or meaning of life it only serves as a mechanism that allows living things to grow and change. Moreover, a well-rounded education must include exposure to all major fields of science, including evolutionary biology. This is particularly important because the jobs people are employed in and the choices they make require knowledge of how science works. The majority of scientists across the world believe that humans have changed over time. In a recent study that predicted the opinions of adults about the consensus on this subject people with higher levels of education and knowledge of science were found to be more likely to believe that there is a broad agreement among scientists about the evolution of humans. People with more religious beliefs and have less science knowledge are more likely to disapprove. It is essential that teachers emphasize the importance of gaining an understanding of this consensus to enable people to make informed choices about the use of energy, health care, and other policy matters. 3. Evolution and Culture Cultural evolution is a close cousin of the mainstream evolutionary theory. It focuses on the ways that humans and other species learn from one another. Researchers in this field use explanatory tools and investigative models adapted from evolutionary theorists. They also go back to the prehistoric human to find the origins of culture. This method also acknowledges the differences between biological and cultural characteristics. Cultural traits can be acquired slowly, whereas biological traits are typically acquired at the same time (in sexual species at fertilization). The acquisition of one characteristic can influence the development and growth of another. In Korea the emergence of Western style elements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was the result a complex sequence of events. One of the most significant was the arrival of Japanese occupation forces, who introduced Western hairstyles and styles of clothing to Korean society. When Japan left Korea in the 1930s some of these trends began to reverse. At the close of World War II, Korea was once again united, this time under the rule of the Choson dynasty. Today, Korea is an economic and political power. Despite the current global financial crisis, the country's economy has been growing steadily over the last decade and is expected to continue its healthy growth in the future. However, the current government has many challenges to face. One of the most significant is the inability to come up with a coherent policy to deal with the economic crisis. The crisis has exposed the weaknesses of the country's policies particularly its dependence on foreign investment and exports, which may not last. The crisis has shaken the confidence of investors, the government has to review its economic strategy and come up with alternatives to boost domestic demand. To ensure a stable economic climate the government will need to overhaul its incentive and monitoring systems, as well as discipline and monitoring. This chapter offers a number of scenarios of how the Korean economy might develop after the crisis. 4. Evolution and Education A fundamental challenge for evolution educators is how to present evolutionary concepts in ways that are appropriate for students of different age groups and developmental stages. Teachers must, for example be mindful of the diversity of religions in their classrooms and create a learning environment where students of both religious and secular perspectives feel comfortable. Additionally, teachers must recognize common misconceptions about evolution, and how to confront them in their classrooms. Finally, teachers must be able to access a range of resources that are available for teaching evolution and be able locate them quickly. In this regard, the Thinking Evolutionarily Convocation played an important role in bringing evolutionary researchers and educators from various sectors to discuss the best practices for teaching about Evolution. Participants included representatives from scientific societies, educational research, officials of government funding agencies as well as curriculum designers. The convergence of these diverse stakeholders resulted in a consensus set of recommendations that will form the basis for future action. It is essential to incorporate evolution in all science curricula at every level. National Science Education Standards (NRC) which require the integration of evolution across all life sciences, with an educational progression that is developmental appropriate, are a way to accomplish this goal. A new publication from the NRC offers guidance for schools on how to integrate evolution in the life science curriculum. 에볼루션게이밍 have shown that a more comprehensive presentation of evolution leads to a greater understanding of students and belief in the existence of evolution. It is difficult to estimate the causality of teaching in the classroom because the curriculum for schools do not change in a random manner and are affected by the timing of state boards of education and the gubernatorial election. To overcome this issue I use a longitudinal dataset that allows me control for the effects of years and states fixed as well as individual-level variations in the beliefs of teachers about evolutionary theory. Teachers who are more comfortable in teaching evolution have fewer internal barriers. This is consistent with the hypothesis that a faculty with more confidence is less likely to avoid evolution topics in the classroom and might be more likely employ strategies like an approach to reconciliation that is known to increase the acceptance of undergraduate students of evolution (Harms and Reiss, 2019; Tolman et al. 2020).